Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

Article Title: The chemosensory function of primary cilia regulates cholangiocyte migration, invasion and tumor growth

doi: 10.1002/hep.30308

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A,B) Western blots showing the effect of ATP for 30 minutes on AKT and PTEN phosphorylation in normal ciliated cholangiocytes (NHC SCR), experimentally deciliated cholangiocytes (NHC IFT88), and the iCCA cell line HUCTT1. Bar graph shows densitometry expressed as % of phosphorylated/total ratios in control conditions (*p<0.05, n=3) (**p<0.01, n=3).

Article Snippet: After blocking, the membranes were incubated with the appropriate primary antibodies against IFT88 (ProSci, Poway, CA), LKB1, p-LKB1(S428), AKT, p-AKT(S473), PTEN and p-PTEN(Ser380/Thr382/Thr383) (Cell Signaling), FAK (Cell Signaling) and GAPDH (ProSci) at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

Article Title: The chemosensory function of primary cilia regulates cholangiocyte migration, invasion and tumor growth

doi: 10.1002/hep.30308

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nucleotides are detected by P2Y11 receptor localized in the primary cilium activating AC5, which induces increases in the levels of cAMP and activation of PKA. Once activated PKA phosphorylates and activates LKB1, LKB1 phosphorylates and stabilizes PTEN, leading to AKT inhibition. Inhibited AKT is unable to phosphorylate F-actin that is required to reorganize the cytoplasm and protrusions in migrating cells. HMC can activate LKB1 via a ciliary-independent mechanism emulating the chemosensory function of primary cilia.

Article Snippet: After blocking, the membranes were incubated with the appropriate primary antibodies against IFT88 (ProSci, Poway, CA), LKB1, p-LKB1(S428), AKT, p-AKT(S473), PTEN and p-PTEN(Ser380/Thr382/Thr383) (Cell Signaling), FAK (Cell Signaling) and GAPDH (ProSci) at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Inhibition

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR enhances pancreatic cancer resistance to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.786830

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of HOTAIR attenuates TRA-8-induced apoptosis in sensitive pancreatic cancer cells. A and B, BxPC3 (A) and MiaPaCa-2 (B) cells were infected with lentiviruses carrying control vector or HOTAIR cDNA (HOTAIR), and stable clones were selected by puromycin. Panels Aa and Ba, HOTAIR expression, as determined by qRT-PCR and normalized by β-actin expression (n = 3, ***, p < 0.001). Panels Ab and Bb, TRA-8-induced apoptosis. BxPC3 and MiaPaCa-2 cells with HOTAIR overexpression and their control vector cells were seeded into 6-well plates at 2 × 105 per well. After culturing for 24 h, cells were exposed to TRA-8 (1 μg/ml) for 24 h, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin PE and 7 AAD staining kit. TRA-8-induced apoptosis is shown in the hatched bars (n = 3, ***, p < 0.001). Panels Ac and Bc, Western blot analysis of the expression of caspase-8 (Casp8). The expression of β-actin was used as a loading control. Representative blots from three independent experiments are shown.

Article Snippet: Antibodies were purchased as follows: rabbit anti-DR5 antibody (ProSci, no. 2019, lot number 5355–1502), mouse anti-caspase 8 (BIOSOURCE no. AHZ0502, lot number 22363–01S), mouse anti-β-actin (Sigma, no. A5541–2MI, lot number 014M4759), rabbit anti-EZH2 (Cell Signaling Technology, no. D2C9, lot number 7), and mouse anti-trimethyl-histone H3 (lysine 27) (Active Motif, no. 61017, lot number 23115012).

Techniques: Over Expression, Infection, Plasmid Preparation, Clone Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Western Blot